10 Facts About the Element Iodine (Atomic Number 53 or I)

Iodine is element 53 on the periodic table, with element symbol I. Iodine is an element you encounter in iodized salt and some dyes. A small amount of iodine is essential for nutrition, while too much is toxic. Here are facts about this interesting, colorful element. The Name Iodine comes from the Greek word iodes, which means violet. Iodine vapor is violet-colored. The element was discovered in 1811 by French chemist Bernard Courtois. Courtois discovered iodine by accident while he was making saltpeter for use in the Napoleonic Wars. Making saltpeter required sodium carbonate. To get sodium carbonate, Courtois burned seaweed, washed the ash with water, and added sulfuric acid to remove contaminants. Courtois discovered adding an excess of sulfuric acid produced a cloud of purple vapor. While Courtois believed the vapor was a previously unknown element, he couldnt afford to research it, so he offered samples of the gas to his friends, Charles Bernard Desormes and Nicolas Clement. They characterized the new material and made Courtois discovery public. Isotopes Many isotopes of iodine are known. All of them are radioactive except for I-127, which is the only isotope found in nature. Because there is only one natural isotope of iodine, its atomic weight is precisely known, rather than an average of isotopes like most elements. Color and Other Properties Solid iodine is blue-black in color, with a metallic sheen. At ordinary temperatures and pressures, iodine sublimates into its violet gas, so the liquid form is not seen. The color of iodine follows a trend seen in the halogens: they appear progressively darker as you move down the group of the periodic table. This trend happens because the wavelengths of light absorbed by the elements increases due to the behavior of the electrons. Iodine is slightly soluble in water and more soluble in nonpolar solvents. Its melting point and boiling point are the highest of the halogens. The bond between atoms in the diatomic molecule is the weakest in the element group. Halogen Iodine is a halogen, which is a type of non-metal. It is located beneath fluorine, chlorine, and bromine on the periodic table, making it the heaviest stable element in the halogen group. Thyroid The thyroid gland uses iodine to make the hormones thyroxine and triiodotyronine. Insufficient iodine leads to development of a goiter, which is a swelling of the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency is believed to be the leading preventable cause of mental retardation. Excessive iodine symptoms are similar to those of iodine insufficiency. Iodine toxicity is more severe if a person has a selenium deficiency. Compounds Iodine occurs in compounds and as the diatomic molecule I2. Medical Purpose Iodine is used extensively in medicine. However, some people develop a chemical sensitivity to iodine. Sensitive individuals may develop a rash when swabbed with tincture of iodine. In rare cases, anaphylactic shock has resulted from medical exposure to iodine. Food Source Natural food sources of iodine are seafood, kelp and plants grown in iodine-rich soil. Potassium iodide often is added to table salt to produce iodized salt. Atomic Number The atomic number of iodine is 53, meaning all atoms of iodine possess 53 protons. Commercial Source Commercially, iodine is mined in Chile and extracted from iodine-rich brine, notably from the oilfields in the US and Japan. Prior to this, iodine was extracted from kelp. Iodine Element Fast Facts Element Name: IodineElement Symbol: IAtomic Number: 53Atomic Weight: 126.904Group: Group 17 (Halogens)Period: Period 5Appearance: Metallic blue-black solid; violet gasElectron Configuration: [Kr] 4d10  5s2  5p5Melting Point: 386.85  K  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(113.7  Ã‚ °C, ​236.66  Ã‚ °F)Boiling Point: 457.4  K ​(184.3  Ã‚ °C, ​363.7  Ã‚ °F) Sources Davy, Humphry (1 January 1814). Some Experiments and Observations on a New Substance Which Becomes a Violet Coloured Gas by Heat. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 104: 74. doi:10.1098/rstl.1814.0007Emsley, John (2001). Natures Building Blocks (Hardcover, First ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 244–250. ISBN 0-19-850340-7.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Swain, Patricia A. (2005). Bernard Courtois (1777–1838) famed for discovering iodine (1811), and his life in Paris from 1798 (PDF). Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 30 (2): 103.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

2 - 1200 Words

CHApter1 2.What key insights does the GEM study provide us about entrepreneurship? Of particular interest to GEM is early stage entrepreneurial activity, which consists of businesses that are just being started and businesses that have been in existence for less than three and one-half years. While the high rates of entrepreneurial start-up activities occur in low-income countries, where good jobs are not plentiful such as brazil, china, Argentina. Low rates occur in high-income countries, such as Germany, French, USA. also identifies whether its respondents are starting a new business to take advantage of an attractive opportunity or because of necessity to earn an income. High-income countries——attractive opportunity. Low-income†¦show more content†¦Why is a product/customer focus an important characteristic of successful entrepreneurs? While it’s important to think about management, marketing, finance, and the like, none of those functions makes any difference if a firm does not have good products with the capability to satisfy customers. 10. What is it about â€Å"tenacity† that makes it such an important characteristic for entrepreneurs? Because entrepreneurs are typically trying something new, the failure rate associated with their efforts is naturally high. 11. What are the five common myths of entrepreneurship? Myth 1: Entrepreneurs are born, not made. Myth 2: Entrepreneurs are gamblers Myth 3: Entrepreneurs are motivated primarily by money. Myth 4: Entrepreneurs should be young and energetic. Myth 5: Entrepreneurs love the spotlight. 12. What evidence do we have that debunks the myth that entrepreneurs are born, not made? The consensus of many hundreds of studies on the psychological and sociological makeup of entrepreneurs is that entrepreneurs are not genetically different from other people. These traits are developed over time and evolve from an individual’s social context. A moderate risk taker A networker Achievement motivated Alert to opportunities Creative Decisive Energetic A strong work ethic Lengthy attention span Optimistic disposition Persuasive Promoter Resource assembler/leverager Self-confident Self-starter Tenacious Tolerant of ambiguityShow MoreRelatedWorld War 2 : A Young Man By The Name Of Masaru Ibuka1244 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1946, When World War 2 was over; a young man by the name of Masaru Ibuka left the Japanese Navy and started his own business which was a radio repair shop. After one year of his business, his colleague Akio Morita founded the company Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo a.k.a. Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation. The company built the country’s first tape recorder known as the Type-G. 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Lightening up Essay Example For Students

Lightening up Essay If this is, as the local press likes to describe it, the make or break year for the new South Africa, then the same must be said of the nations theatre. The Market is in transition just as the country is in transition, says Barney Simon, artistic director for two decades of the Johannesburg venue that has emerged over time as South Africas primary exporter of challenging work. Whats true for the Market is true for playhouses throughout the country. For years, the battle lines were drawn, and theatre knew its function; now, apartheid is over, and with it has vanished protest theatre. In its place are the stories that need telling of a newly democratized countrythat is, if the storytellers exist to relate the tale. To a journalist visiting the country for the first time at the start of this year, whats unexpected about South African theatre is how familiar it all seems. The Johannesburg papers trumpet ads for established British hits like Shirley Valentine and The Woman in Black, as well as farces like The Earl and the Pussycat and Uproar in the House that one can envision without seeing them. Lest these comedies suggest that the theatre is shirking its responsibility to chronicle a nation in the midst of change, they in fact seem to be precisely what critics, as well as audiences, want. Guaranteed to banish the new South Africa blues, read the Johannesburg Stars synopsis of Uproar in the House, as if to make clear that in times of uncertainty, escapism is the solution of choice. Can it be any surprise, then, that the Johannesburg premiere of Six Degrees of Separation cut short its run last fall? In a city beleaguered daily by escalating violence, no one wanted to see a play whose starting point was the arrival of a black intruder into a white home. Try explaining that John Guares play in fact concerns emotional rebirth, and youre met with a blank stare. In context, one cant blame producer Pieter Toerien, the countrys leading commercial impresario, for moving away from Six Degrees to more genteel fare like Hugh Whitemores British The Best of Friends, as safe a parlor play as the theatre offers. (And cheaper to mount with its cast of three.) Next up for Toerien is Ray Cooneys new London hit, It Runs in the Family. South Africa may barely have heard of August Wilsonand never of Tony Kushnerbut the white theatregoing public is absolutely au fait with the work of Mr. Cooney. The cultural boycott, too, has taken a toll. This is an audience uneducated in the last decade or so about international theatre; their taste, in other words, merely reflects their exposure, or lack of it. Feasting on the unfamiliar These days, even the old faithfuls dont automatically sell. Athol Fugards Playland got the best reviews of any production in Johannesburg in 1992, but averaged only 75-percent attendance throughout its run. (In Cape Town the same production was coolly received, and closed several weeks early.) William Nicholsons Shadowlands, by contrast, played to near-capacity at the Market, featuring South African emigre Brian Murray (late of A Small Family Business on Broadway) on a rare return visit home. While John Kani in Playland at Londons Donmar Warehouse may represent an English theatregoing event, in South Africa, its simply more of the same for an audience keen to feast on worlds they dont know rather than reflections of the world they do. When Barney Simon tried to bridge the world of Chilean writer Ariel Dorfmans Death and the Maiden and that of South Africa by casting black actor Ramolan Makhene as the husband, audiences fell away even more sharply; that production played to 40 percent in the Markets 152-seat Theatre Upstairs. Poor reviews did not help. .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 , .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 .postImageUrl , .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 , .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863:hover , .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863:visited , .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863:active { border:0!important; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863:active , .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863 .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udea86b1ae1505729251484d769655863:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Crucible Essay PaperThe situation, then, somewhat echoes that of a much smaller trouble spot, Northern Ireland, where plays by local writers Ron Hutchinson and Anne Devlin rarely make the impact they do in London (or Off Broadway). The relatively recent introduction in 1975 of television to South Africa has further diluted a once considerable theatregoing culture, at least among the white minority. And after apartheid and its attendant states of emergency were lifted, South African theatre no longer needed to serve a journalistic, informative function. People could get their news from TV and the newspapers; they didnt have to turn to Bopha!, Sophiatown or Asinamali to find out what was happening. What, then, could a theatregoer keen to avoid downmarket British farce take in on a recent visit? The remaining options comprised a varied lot, linkedif at allby a bizarre obsession with Elvis Presley, of all people. In Cape Town, theatrical activity has moved away from the once-enterprising Baxter (home during my trip to The Rocky Horror Show) and the historic Space (now closed) to the Dock Road Theatre, a thrust 204-seater in the American-style Waterfront complex, located by the harbor. My first Dock Road outing was The Return of Elvis Du Pisanie, a solo show written by, and starring, local phenomenon Paul Slabolepszy. Now 44, the Britain-born Slabolepszy was taken to South Africa at age three, and has since developed a following as one of the few serious rivals to Fugard. Cape Town to Motown While a later play of his in Johannesburg would support that assertion, Elvis du Pisanie made it seem risible at best. These musings of a gum-chewing Afrikanerthe Elvis of the title, so-called because he had won third prize in a Presley lookalike competitionwere maudlin, self-aggrandizing and offensive in turn. The standing ovation notwithstanding, several audience members gathered in disbelief in the lobby afterwards to ponder the reviews, clucking their disapproval in ways to suggest that an American visitor was not alone in his assessment. The second Dock Road offeringDavis Kramer and Tallep Petersens hit musical Fairyland, since transplanted to the Marketwas marginally better, but no less sociologically intriguing. A follow-up to District Six, the widely traveled musical about the 250-acre Cape Town homeland razed under the Group Areas Action in the mid-60s, Fairyland could be regarded as Cape Towns own indigenous Five Guys Named Moe. Whereas one might expect at least a flash of anger as the talented cast makes its way through a song cycle of jazz, rock andyesElvis, this show was completely without irony about its desire to take Cape Town to Motown. While the first act at least established a community of smoothies, floozies and hustlers, the second act degenerated into a would-be tourist board-promotion, complete with a plug for the cast album and a curtain-call exhortation to tell the whole world we love you. The people the show is about may figure among apartheids more grotesque victimsa community that was literally bulldozedbut no historical event is so iniquitous that the Platters cant put it right, or so the evening implies. The audience, which kept Fairyland running in Cape Town for an amazing two years, responded with another standing ovation. Illuminating the way for change Black theatre takes place mostly in Johannesburg, since that city has a much larger black African populace than the predominantly Cape-colored Cape Town. While Gibson Kente remains the doyen of township theatre, Mbongeni Ngema is its leading internationalist, and he was in rehearsal at Johannesburgs Civic Theater for his most ambitious project yet: an expensive (3 million rand, or about $1 million) boxing musical called Magic at 4 A.M. starring Leleti Khumalo from Sarafina. While the show doesnt open until April, an initial listen to the score bodes well, even if the lyricsthe dream can come true if we make it happeninevitably seem naive set against Ngemas scintillating hybrid of rhythm and blues, gospel and township mbaqanga music. The work of a second black writer/director Matsemola Manakais equally earnest, if a bit more dogged, at least if his shows Yamina (among the first black African plays about AIDS) and Ekhaya: Museum over Soweto (about a museum opening in Soweto) are apt in dications. .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 , .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 .postImageUrl , .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 , .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205:hover , .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205:visited , .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205:active { border:0!important; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205:active , .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205 .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u084978f694be9045716754bdebc73205:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sammy's actor EssayBoth Manaka and Ngema deserve added attention for the very sites of their newest shows. By opening Magic at 4 A.M. at the 1,100-seat Civic, Ngema and his producer ex-Market resident producer Mannie Manimare counting on a high level of black attendance in a traditionally white venue. (A Chorus Line, a Civic premiere last fall, did less-than-capacity business there, apparently because audiences were loath to see what they deemed to be a rehearsal.) Both Marakas shows were playing at different auditoria of South Africas four performing arts councils, onetime apartheid dinosaurs (according to detractors) attempting to adapt to the new climate. If the offstage scenario at the theatre sometimes reveals more than the one onstage, at least one new play Slabolepszys Mooi Street Moves, the authors 15th play offered hope in ways that went beyond the fully integrated Market Theater Upstairs audience. Set in Johannesburgs increasingly black Hillbrow section, the play brings together a black street hawker named Sipho (played by a dazzling young actor named Seputla Dan Sebogodi) and an itinerant white, Henry (Martin Le Maitre), in search of his brother. An initial encounter in Siphos apartment turns into a three-and-a-half week flatshare amounting, among other things, to a kind of Pygmalion in reverse, as Henry learns Siphos canny, streetwise ways. The evening ends cruelly, indeed tragically, and yet the authors abiding metaphor the sun allows for the possibility of redemption. While some in this transitional South Africa are fully preparing themselves for darkness, Slabolepszys wise and moving play makes clear that shared empathy and compassion may in fact illuminate the way for change. Listening to a shaken audience cheer the performance, one readily agreed. South Africas theatre, like the country around it, may by its own admission be groping in the dark, but Mooi Street Moves suggests that the end of the tunnel may as Nelson Mandela promised three years ago soon let in long-overdue light.

Kindred Spirits Essays - Collin, Bogle, , Term Papers

Kindred Spirits The Bogles Collin Bogle grew up in Northwestern Washington. As a kid he liked to spend his time outdoors, fishing, roller-blading, or riding his mountain bike. His father, Lee Bogle, was an art teacher in high school and even when Collin showed extraordinary artistic abilities it was still thought that he would be an accountant. Lee Bogle was absolutely amazed with Collin's ability. Today both Lee and Collin Bogle are professional artists. Both father and son live in Seattle and live 10 minutes apart. They both excel at realistic detail, if you saw their art, however, no one would guess their close connection. Lee Bogle, after painting wildlife subjects most of his life, has moved back to his first love- the human figure. He is best known for his Native American depictions in flowing backgrounds. Now he has shifted to ballet dancers. Unlike his father, Collin Bogle has moved toward wildlife. He takes adventures through the woods near his house with a camera looking for surprises. Drawing and painting were major passions for Lee Bogle, even in childhood. He pursued his art during evenings and weekends for twenty years while teaching during the day. He worked in stained glass, pottery, and even dipped into sculpture. His portrait work provided supplemental income for the family. As the demand for his prints increased, the tedious hand-coloring process consumed his time. So he hired Collin, his teenage son, as an apprentice. He assisted his father for several years, learning color and many techniques. Next, Lee experimented with oil pastel drawings against the free- form colors of the wash. He found the combination of abstract backgrounds and detailed drawings suited him. Eventually he moved to human figures as subjects. When Collin was still young he never imagined a career in art. Even after winning the ?most likely to succeed in art? award he still never imagined pursuing anything. It wasn't until one of his father's first publishers saw one of his paintings and asked him to do a print that he realized his capabilities. In order to get to his goal of being a professional artist Collin used to always ask his father to critique his paintings. Nowadays it's gotten to the point where Lee is sometimes asking his son for advice. Most of Collin's paintings start with extensive photography. He can sometimes spend up to twenty minutes photographing the same tree. He likes the peacefulness and freedom of being alone in the nature. Even though Collin may seem like a down to earth kind of guy, his techniques for composing his paintings are very modern. He usually starts by getting an idea for his next work on his computer. He will scan his photographs of animals and scenery into his computer and take it from there. He sometimes likes to change positions of objects, reverses images and adjusts sizes, colors and brightness. Usually to begin a painting Collin will airbrush the canvas a few tones darker than he wants the finished product to look. Then he works from dark to light using colored pencils and finishes with water based pastels. This technique has proven to make his works go by muck quicker. Collin's most well known skill is the ability to portray lighting in a very dramatic way. He considers this extremely vital to any composition. The advantage that Collin appreciates most is having an artist for a father. When Collin was nervous about some of his first shows Lee was always there for him to provide support and advice. At the age of twenty- five Collin has never held a full time job other than being an artist. Even though Collin has experienced a very early success he is still humble and aware of who helped get to where he is. Lee Bogle is very proud of his son not because he is a good artist but because he is a good person. Opinion I thought that this article was very touching. It's an exciting story about a good relationship between father and son. It's amazing how they both can stay very honest to each other and offer constructive criticism without getting caught up in the relationship as father and son. It makes for a good balance that can only have an outcome